First adopted by Western states, the initiative and referendum were a basic part of the Progressive reform movement that flourished in the early part of this century. Twenty-four states now have provisions allowing the use of one or both of these procedures. (For a list of these states, see Appendix). They have become an integral part of the political structures of many states, but, until recently, have been largely ignored by political scientists and politicians elsewhere.

Widespread interest in the initiative and referendum was renewed by California's famous Proposition 13 of 1977, an initiative which forced a significant tax cut.  Much of the impetus for the adoption of the initiative and referendum has come from taxpayer organizations. Several proposals were introduced in the 1979 General Assembly. The Assembly deferred action and established a joint subcommittee to study the question. (See Appendix for authorizing resolution.)